Microwave-transparent metallic metamaterials for autonomous driving safety

Eun-Joo Lee, Jun-Young Kim, Young-Bin Kim and Sun-Kyung Kim ()
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Eun-Joo Lee: Kyung Hee University
Jun-Young Kim: Kyung Hee University
Young-Bin Kim: Kyung Hee University
Sun-Kyung Kim: Kyung Hee University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Maintaining the surface transparency of protective covers using transparent heaters in extreme weather is imperative for enhancing safety in autonomous driving. However, achieving both high transmittance and low sheet resistance, two key performance indicators for transparent heaters, is inherently challenging. Here, inspired by metamaterial design, we report microwave-transparent, low-sheet-resistance heaters for automotive radars. Ultrathin (approximately one ten-thousandth of the wavelength), electrically connected metamaterials on a millimetre-thick dielectric cover provide near-unity transmission at specific frequencies within the W band (75–110 GHz), despite their metal filling ratio exceeding 70 %. These metamaterials yield the desired phase delay to adjust Fabry–Perot resonance at each target frequency. Fabricated microwave-transparent heaters exhibit exceptionally low sheet resistance (0.41 ohm/sq), thereby heating the dielectric cover above 180 °C at a nominal bias of 3 V. Defrosting tests demonstrate their thermal capability to swiftly remove thin ice layers in sub-zero temperatures.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49001-w

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