Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources

Chenyan Zhao, Lili Yang (), Yuxiang Sun, Changzhi Chen, Zichun Huang, Qiuting Yang, Jianghui Yun, Ahsan Habib, Guorui Liu (), Minghui Zheng and Guibin Jiang
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Chenyan Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Lili Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yuxiang Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Changzhi Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zichun Huang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qiuting Yang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jianghui Yun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ahsan Habib: Dhaka University
Guorui Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Minghui Zheng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Guibin Jiang: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is a concerning chemical that is included in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Stockholm Convention. Knowledge of the sources of HCBD is insufficient and is pivotal for accurate inventory and implementing global action. In this study, unintentional HCBD release and source emission factors of 121 full-scale industrial plants from 12 industries are investigated. Secondary copper smelting, electric arc furnace steelmaking, and hazardous waste incineration show potential for large emission reductions, which are found of high HCBD emission concentrations of > 20 ng/g in fine particulate matter in this study. The highest HCBD emission concentration is observed for the secondary copper smelting industry (average: 1380 ng/g). Source emission factors of HCBD for the 12 industries range from 0.008 kg/t for coal fire power plants to 0.680 kg/t for secondary lead smelting, from which an estimation of approximately 8452.8 g HCBD emissions annually worldwide achieved. The carcinogenic risks caused by HCBD emissions from countries and regions with intensive 12 industrial sources are 1.0-80 times higher than that without these industries. These results will be useful for formulating effective strategies of HCBD control.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49097-0

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