Asymmetric magma plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount based on full waveform inversion of seismic data

Jidong Yang (), Hejun Zhu, Zeyu Zhao (), Jianping Huang (), David Lumley, Robert J. Stern, Robert A. Dunn, Adrien F. Arnulf and Jianwei Ma
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Jidong Yang: China University of Petroleum (East China)
Hejun Zhu: The University of Texas at Dallas
Zeyu Zhao: Peking University
Jianping Huang: China University of Petroleum (East China)
David Lumley: The University of Texas at Dallas
Robert J. Stern: The University of Texas at Dallas
Robert A. Dunn: University of Hawaii
Adrien F. Arnulf: University of Texas at Austin
Jianwei Ma: Peking University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The architecture of magma plumbing systems plays a fundamental role in volcano eruption and evolution. However, the precise configuration of crustal magma reservoirs and conduits responsible for supplying eruptions are difficult to explore across most active volcanic systems. Consequently, our understanding of their correlation with eruption dynamics is limited. Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, with known eruptions in 1998, 2011, and 2015. Here we present high-resolution images of P-wave velocity, attenuation, and estimates of temperature and partial melt beneath the summit of Axial Seamount, derived from multi-parameter full waveform inversion of a 2D multi-channel seismic line. Multiple magma reservoirs, including a newly discovered western magma reservoir, are identified in the upper crust, with the maximum melt fraction of ~15–32% in the upper main magma reservoir (MMR) and lower fractions of 10% to 26% in other satellite reservoirs. In addition, a feeding conduit below the MMR with a melt fraction of ~4–11% and a low-velocity throat beneath the eastern caldera wall connecting the MMR roof with eruptive fissures are imaged. These findings delineate an asymmetric shallow plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount, providing insights into the magma pathways that fed recent eruptions.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49188-y

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