All-optical phase conjugation using diffractive wavefront processing

Che-Yung Shen, Jingxi Li, Tianyi Gan, Yuhang Li, Mona Jarrahi and Aydogan Ozcan ()
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Che-Yung Shen: University of California
Jingxi Li: University of California
Tianyi Gan: University of California
Yuhang Li: University of California
Mona Jarrahi: University of California
Aydogan Ozcan: University of California

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Abstract Optical phase conjugation (OPC) is a nonlinear technique used for counteracting wavefront distortions, with applications ranging from imaging to beam focusing. Here, we present a diffractive wavefront processor to approximate all-optical phase conjugation. Leveraging deep learning, a set of diffractive layers was optimized to all-optically process an arbitrary phase-aberrated input field, producing an output field with a phase distribution that is the conjugate of the input wave. We experimentally validated this wavefront processor by 3D-fabricating diffractive layers and performing OPC on phase distortions never seen during training. Employing terahertz radiation, our diffractive processor successfully performed OPC through a shallow volume that axially spans tens of wavelengths. We also created a diffractive phase-conjugate mirror by combining deep learning-optimized diffractive layers with a standard mirror. Given its compact, passive and multi-wavelength nature, this diffractive wavefront processor can be used for various applications, e.g., turbidity suppression and aberration correction across different spectral bands.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49304-y

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