Definitive engineering strength and fracture toughness of graphene through on-chip nanomechanics

Sahar Jaddi (), M. Wasil Malik, Bin Wang, Nicola M. Pugno, Yun Zeng, Michael Coulombier, Jean-Pierre Raskin and Thomas Pardoen
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Sahar Jaddi: Materials and Civil Engineering
M. Wasil Malik: Electronics and Applied Mathematics
Bin Wang: Electronics and Applied Mathematics
Nicola M. Pugno: University of Trento
Yun Zeng: Hunan University
Michael Coulombier: Materials and Civil Engineering
Jean-Pierre Raskin: Electronics and Applied Mathematics
Thomas Pardoen: Materials and Civil Engineering

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Fail-safe design of devices requires robust integrity assessment procedures which are still absent for 2D materials, hence affecting transfer to applications. Here, a combined on-chip tension and cracking method, and associated data reduction scheme have been developed to determine the fracture toughness and strength of monolayer-monodomain-freestanding graphene. Myriads of specimens are generated providing statistical data. The crack arrest tests provide a definitive fracture toughness of 4.4 MPa $$\sqrt{{{{{{\rm{m}}}}}}}$$ m . Tension on-chip provides Young’s modulus of 950 GPa, fracture strain of 11%, and tensile strength up to 110 GPa, reaching a record of stored elastic energy ~6 GJ m−3 as confirmed by thermodynamics and quantized fracture mechanics. A ~ 1.4 nm crack size is often found responsible for graphene failure, connected to 5-7 pair defects. Micron-sized graphene membranes and smaller can be produced defect-free, and design rules can be based on 110 GPa strength. For larger areas, a fail-safe design should be based on a maximum 57 GPa strength.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49426-3

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