Quantifying the relative importance of genetics and environment on the comorbidity between mental and cardiometabolic disorders using 17 million Scandinavians

Joeri Meijsen (), Kejia Hu, Morten D. Krebs, Georgios Athanasiadis, Sarah Washbrook, Richard Zetterberg, Raquel Nogueira Avelar e Silva, John R. Shorter, Jesper R. Gådin, Jacob Bergstedt, David M. Howard, Weimin Ye, Yi Lu, Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir, Andrés Ingason, Dorte Helenius, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, John J. McGrath, Nadia Micali, Ole A. Andreassen, Thomas M. Werge, Fang Fang and Alfonso Buil ()
Additional contact information
Joeri Meijsen: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Kejia Hu: Karolinska Institutet
Morten D. Krebs: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Georgios Athanasiadis: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Sarah Washbrook: Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark
Richard Zetterberg: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Raquel Nogueira Avelar e Silva: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
John R. Shorter: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Jesper R. Gådin: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Jacob Bergstedt: Karolinska Institutet
David M. Howard: King’s College London
Weimin Ye: Karolinska Institutet
Yi Lu: Karolinska Institutet
Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir: Karolinska Institutet
Andrés Ingason: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Dorte Helenius: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Oleguer Plana-Ripoll: Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital
John J. McGrath: Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research
Nadia Micali: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Ole A. Andreassen: Oslo University Hospital
Thomas M. Werge: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital
Fang Fang: Karolinska Institutet
Alfonso Buil: Mental Health Services Copenhagen University Hospital

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Mental disorders are leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide, partly due to high comorbidity with cardiometabolic disorders. Reasons for this comorbidity are still poorly understood. We leverage nation-wide health records and near-complete genealogies of Denmark and Sweden (n = 17 million) to reveal the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the observed comorbidity between six mental disorders and 15 cardiometabolic disorders. Genetic factors contributed about 50% to the comorbidity of schizophrenia, affective disorders, and autism spectrum disorder with cardiometabolic disorders, whereas the comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anorexia with cardiometabolic disorders was mainly or fully driven by environmental factors. In this work we provide causal insight to guide clinical and scientific initiatives directed at achieving mechanistic understanding as well as preventing and alleviating the consequences of these disorders.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49507-3

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