Spindle-locked ripples mediate memory reactivation during human NREM sleep

Thomas Schreiner, Benjamin J. Griffiths, Merve Kutlu, Christian Vollmar, Elisabeth Kaufmann, Stefanie Quach, Jan Remi, Soheyl Noachtar and Tobias Staudigl ()
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Thomas Schreiner: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Benjamin J. Griffiths: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Merve Kutlu: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Christian Vollmar: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Elisabeth Kaufmann: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Stefanie Quach: University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Jan Remi: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Soheyl Noachtar: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Tobias Staudigl: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Memory consolidation relies in part on the reactivation of previous experiences during sleep. The precise interplay of sleep-related oscillations (slow oscillations, spindles and ripples) is thought to coordinate the information flow between relevant brain areas, with ripples mediating memory reactivation. However, in humans empirical evidence for a role of ripples in memory reactivation is lacking. Here, we investigated the relevance of sleep oscillations and specifically ripples for memory reactivation during human sleep using targeted memory reactivation. Intracranial electrophysiology in epilepsy patients and scalp EEG in healthy participants revealed that elevated levels of slow oscillation - spindle activity coincided with the read-out of experimentally induced memory reactivation. Importantly, spindle-locked ripples recorded intracranially from the medial temporal lobe were found to be correlated with the identification of memory reactivation during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Our findings establish ripples as key-oscillation for sleep-related memory reactivation in humans and emphasize the importance of the coordinated interplay of the cardinal sleep oscillations.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49572-8

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