Ubiquitous short-range order in multi-principal element alloys

Ying Han, Hangman Chen, Yongwen Sun, Jian Liu, Shaolou Wei, Bijun Xie, Zhiyu Zhang, Yingxin Zhu, Meng Li, Judith Yang, Wen Chen, Penghui Cao () and Yang Yang ()
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Ying Han: The Pennsylvania State University
Hangman Chen: University of California
Yongwen Sun: The Pennsylvania State University
Jian Liu: University of Massachusetts
Shaolou Wei: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Bijun Xie: University of California
Zhiyu Zhang: The Pennsylvania State University
Yingxin Zhu: The Pennsylvania State University
Meng Li: University of Pittsburgh
Judith Yang: University of Pittsburgh
Wen Chen: University of Massachusetts
Penghui Cao: University of California
Yang Yang: The Pennsylvania State University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Recent research in multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) has increasingly focused on the role of short-range order (SRO) on material performance. However, the mechanisms of SRO formation and its precise control remain elusive, limiting the progress of SRO engineering. Here, leveraging advanced additive manufacturing techniques that produce samples with a wide range of cooling rates (up to 107 K s−1) and an enhanced semi-quantitative electron microscopy method, we characterize SRO in three CoCrNi-based face-centered-cubic (FCC) MPEAs. Surprisingly, irrespective of the processing and thermal treatment history, all samples exhibit similar levels of SRO. Atomistic simulations reveal that during solidification, prevalent local chemical order arises in the liquid-solid interface (solidification front) even under the extreme cooling rate of 1011 K s−1. This phenomenon stems from the swift atomic diffusion in the supercooled liquid, which matches or even surpasses the rate of solidification. Therefore, SRO is an inherent characteristic of most FCC MPEAs, insensitive to variations in cooling rates and even annealing treatments typically available in experiments.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49606-1

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