RPLP1 restricts HIV-1 transcription by disrupting C/EBPβ binding to the LTR

Weijing Yang, Hong Wang, Zhaolong Li, Lihua Zhang, Jianhui Liu, Frank Kirchhoff, Chen Huan () and Wenyan Zhang ()
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Weijing Yang: The First Hospital of Jilin University
Hong Wang: The First Hospital of Jilin University
Zhaolong Li: The First Hospital of Jilin University
Lihua Zhang: Chinese Academy of Science
Jianhui Liu: Chinese Academy of Science
Frank Kirchhoff: Ulm University Medical Center
Chen Huan: The First Hospital of Jilin University
Wenyan Zhang: The First Hospital of Jilin University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) of HIV-1 infection may provide important insights into mechanisms involved in viral control and pathogenesis. Here, our results suggest that the ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P1 (RPLP1) is expressed at higher levels in LTNPs compared to regular progressors (RPs). Functionally, RPLP1 inhibits transcription of clade B HIV-1 strains by occupying the C/EBPβ binding sites in the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). This interaction requires the α-helixes 2 and 4 domains of RPLP1 and is evaded by HIV-1 group M subtype C and group N, O and P strains that do not require C/EBPβ for transcription. We further demonstrate that HIV-1-induced translocation of RPLP1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is essential for antiviral activity. Finally, knock-down of RPLP1 promotes reactivation of latent HIV-1 proviruses. Thus, RPLP1 may play a role in the maintenance of HIV-1 latency and resistance to RPLP1 restriction may contribute to the effective spread of clade C HIV-1 strains.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49622-1

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