Development of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms for enhanced corneal crosslinking

Mei Yang (), Tingting Chen, Xin Chen, Hongxian Pan, Guoli Zhao, Zhongxing Chen, Nan Zhao, Qianfang Ye, Ming Chen, Shenrong Zhang, Rongrong Gao, Keith M. Meek, Sally Hayes, Xiaowei Ma, Xin Li, Yue Wu, Yiming Zhang, Na Kong, Wei Tao, Xingtao Zhou () and Jinhai Huang ()
Additional contact information
Mei Yang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Tingting Chen: Wenzhou Medical University
Xin Chen: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Hongxian Pan: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Guoli Zhao: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Zhongxing Chen: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Nan Zhao: Northeast Electric Power University
Qianfang Ye: Wenzhou Medical University
Ming Chen: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Shenrong Zhang: Wenzhou Medical University
Rongrong Gao: Wenzhou Medical University
Keith M. Meek: King Edward VII Avenue
Sally Hayes: King Edward VII Avenue
Xiaowei Ma: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Xin Li: Wenzhou Medical University
Yue Wu: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Yiming Zhang: Harvard Medical School
Na Kong: Harvard Medical School
Wei Tao: Harvard Medical School
Xingtao Zhou: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry
Jinhai Huang: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Keratoconus, a disorder characterized by corneal thinning and weakening, results in vision loss. Corneal crosslinking (CXL) can halt the progression of keratoconus. The development of accelerated corneal crosslinking (A-CXL) protocols to shorten the treatment time has been hampered by the rapid depletion of stromal oxygen when higher UVA intensities are used, resulting in a reduced cross-linking effect. It is therefore imperative to develop better methods to increase the oxygen concentration within the corneal stroma during the A-CXL process. Photocatalytic oxygen-generating nanomaterials are promising candidates to solve the hypoxia problem during A-CXL. Biocompatible graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) quantum dots (QDs)-based oxygen self-sufficient platforms including g-C3N4 QDs and riboflavin/g-C3N4 QDs composites (RF@g-C3N4 QDs) have been developed in this study. Both display excellent photocatalytic oxygen generation ability, high reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield, and excellent biosafety. More importantly, the A-CXL effect of the g-C3N4 QDs or RF@g-C3N4 QDs composite on male New Zealand white rabbits is better than that of the riboflavin 5’-phosphate sodium (RF) A-CXL protocol under the same conditions, indicating excellent strengthening of the cornea after A-CXL treatments. These lead us to suggest the potential application of g-C3N4 QDs in A-CXL for corneal ectasias and other corneal diseases.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49645-8

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