Environmental damping and vibrational coupling of confined fluids within isolated carbon nanotubes

Yu-Ming Tu, Matthias Kuehne, Rahul Prasanna Misra, Cody L. Ritt, Hananeh Oliaei, Samuel Faucher, Haokun Li, Xintong Xu, Aubrey Penn, Sungyun Yang, Jing Fan Yang, Kyle Sendgikoski, Joshika Chakraverty, John Cumings, Arun Majumdar, Narayana R. Aluru, Jordan A. Hachtel, Daniel Blankschtein and Michael S. Strano ()
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Yu-Ming Tu: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Matthias Kuehne: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Rahul Prasanna Misra: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cody L. Ritt: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hananeh Oliaei: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Samuel Faucher: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Haokun Li: Stanford University
Xintong Xu: Stanford University
Aubrey Penn: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Sungyun Yang: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Jing Fan Yang: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Kyle Sendgikoski: University of Maryland
Joshika Chakraverty: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
John Cumings: University of Maryland
Arun Majumdar: Stanford University
Narayana R. Aluru: University of Texas at Austin
Jordan A. Hachtel: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Daniel Blankschtein: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Michael S. Strano: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Because of their large surface areas, nanotubes and nanowires demonstrate exquisite mechanical coupling to their surroundings, promising advanced sensors and nanomechanical devices. However, this environmental sensitivity has resulted in several ambiguous observations of vibrational coupling across various experiments. Herein, we demonstrate a temperature-dependent Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) frequency in free-standing, electron-diffraction-assigned Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) that shows an unexpected and thermally reversible frequency downshift of 10 to 15%, for systems isolated in vacuum. An analysis based on a harmonic oscillator model assigns the distinctive frequency cusp, produced over 93 scans of 3 distinct DWNTs, along with the hyperbolic trajectory, to a reversible increase in damping from graphitic ribbons on the exterior surface. Strain-dependent coupling from self-tensioned, suspended DWNTs maintains the ratio of spring-to-damping frequencies, producing a stable saturation of RBM in the low-tension limit. In contrast, when the interior of DWNTs is subjected to a water-filling process, the RBM thermal trajectory is altered to that of a Langmuir isobar and elliptical trajectories, allowing measurement of the enthalpy of confined fluid phase change. These mechanisms and quantitative theory provide new insights into the environmental coupling of nanomechanical systems and the implications for devices and nanofluidic conduits.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49661-8

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