Amplification of electromagnetic fields by a rotating body

M. C. Braidotti, A. Vinante, M. Cromb, A. Sandakumar, D. Faccio and H. Ulbricht ()
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M. C. Braidotti: University of Glasgow
A. Vinante: Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - CNR and Fondazione Bruno Kessler
M. Cromb: University of Southampton
A. Sandakumar: University of Southampton
D. Faccio: University of Glasgow
H. Ulbricht: University of Southampton

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract In 1971, Zel’dovich predicted the amplification of electromagnetic (EM) waves scattered by a rotating metallic cylinder, gaining mechanical rotational energy from the body. This phenomenon was believed to be unobservable with electromagnetic fields due to technological difficulties in meeting the condition of amplification that is, the cylinder must rotate faster than the frequency of the incoming radiation. Here, we measure the amplification of an electromagnetic field, generated by a toroid LC-circuit, scattered by an aluminium cylinder spinning in the toroid gap. We show that when the Zel’dovich condition is met, the resistance induced by the cylinder becomes negative implying amplification of the incoming EM fields. These results reveal the connection between the concept of induction generators and the physics of this fundamental physics effect and open new prospects towards testing the Zel’dovich mechanism in the quantum regime, as well as related quantum friction effects.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49689-w

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