Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) modulates microglial activation following intracortical microelectrode implantation

Fan Li, Jazlyn Gallego, Natasha N. Tirko, Jenna Greaser, Derek Bashe, Rudra Patel, Eric Shaker, Grace E. Valkenburg, Alanoud S. Alsubhi, Steven Wellman, Vanshika Singh, Camila Garcia Padilla, Kyle W. Gheres, John I. Broussard, Roger Bagwell, Maureen Mulvihill and Takashi D. Y. Kozai ()
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Fan Li: University of Pittsburgh
Jazlyn Gallego: University of Pittsburgh
Natasha N. Tirko: Pennsylvania State University
Jenna Greaser: Actuated Medical
Derek Bashe: Washington University in St. Louis
Rudra Patel: University of Pittsburgh
Eric Shaker: University of Pittsburgh
Grace E. Valkenburg: University of Pittsburgh
Alanoud S. Alsubhi: Actuated Medical
Steven Wellman: Columbia University
Vanshika Singh: University of Pittsburgh
Camila Garcia Padilla: University of Pittsburgh
Kyle W. Gheres: Actuated Medical
John I. Broussard: Actuated Medical
Roger Bagwell: Actuated Medical
Maureen Mulvihill: Actuated Medical
Takashi D. Y. Kozai: University of Pittsburgh

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Abstract Microglia are important players in surveillance and repair of the brain. Implanting an electrode into the cortex activates microglia, produces an inflammatory cascade, triggers the foreign body response, and opens the blood-brain barrier. These changes can impede intracortical brain-computer interfaces performance. Using two-photon imaging of implanted microelectrodes, we test the hypothesis that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation can reduce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following the implantation of microelectrodes. In the first week of treatment, we found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation increased microglia migration speed by 128%, enhanced microglia expansion area by 109%, and a reduction in microglial activation by 17%, indicating improved tissue healing and surveillance. Microglial coverage of the microelectrode was reduced by 50% and astrocytic scarring by 36% resulting in an increase in recording performance at chronic time. The data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation helps reduce the foreign body response around chronic intracortical microelectrodes.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49709-9

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