Stöber method to amorphous metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers

Wei Zhang (), Yanchen Liu, Henrik S. Jeppesen and Nicola Pinna ()
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Wei Zhang: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Yanchen Liu: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Henrik S. Jeppesen: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Nicola Pinna: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract The Stöber method is a widely-used sol-gel route for synthesizing amorphous SiO2 colloids and conformal coatings. However, the material systems compatible with this method are still limited. Herein, we have extended the approach to metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers (CPs) by mimicking the Stöber method. We introduce a general synthesis route to amorphous MOFs or CPs by making use of a base-vapor diffusion method, which allows to precisely control the growth kinetics. Twenty-four different amorphous CPs colloids were successfully synthesized by selecting 12 metal ions and 17 organic ligands. Moreover, by introducing functional nanoparticles (NPs), a conformal amorphous MOFs coating with controllable thickness can be grown on NPs to form core-shell colloids. The versatility of this amorphous coating technology was demonstrated by synthesizing over 100 core-shell composites from 20 amorphous CPs shells and over 30 different NPs. Besides, various multifunctional nanostructures, such as conformal yolk-amorphous MOF shell, core@metal oxides, and core@carbon, can be obtained through one-step transformation of the core@amorphous MOFs. This work significantly enriches the Stöber method and introduces a platform, enabling the systematic design of colloids exhibiting different level of functionality and complexity.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49772-2

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