Molecular and supramolecular adaptation by coupled stimuli

Torsten Dünnebacke, Niklas Niemeyer, Sebastian Baumert, Sebastian Hochstädt, Lorenz Borsdorf, Michael Ryan Hansen (), Johannes Neugebauer () and Gustavo Fernández ()
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Torsten Dünnebacke: Organisch-Chemisches Institut
Niklas Niemeyer: Organisch-Chemisches Institut
Sebastian Baumert: Organisch-Chemisches Institut
Sebastian Hochstädt: Institut für Physikalische Chemie
Lorenz Borsdorf: Organisch-Chemisches Institut
Michael Ryan Hansen: Institut für Physikalische Chemie
Johannes Neugebauer: Organisch-Chemisches Institut
Gustavo Fernández: Organisch-Chemisches Institut

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Adaptation transcends scale in both natural and artificial systems, but delineating the causative factors of this phenomenon requires urgent clarification. Herein, we unravel the molecular requirements for adaptation and establish a link to rationalize adaptive behavior on a self-assembled level. These concepts are established by analyzing a model compound exhibiting both light- and pH-responsive units, which enable the combined or independent application of different stimuli. On a molecular level, adaptation arises from coupled stimuli, as the final outcome of the system depends on their sequence of application. However, in a self-assembled state, a single stimulus suffices to induce adaptation as a result of collective molecular behavior and the reversibility of non-covalent interactions. Our findings go beyond state-of-the-art (multi)stimuli-responsive systems and allow us to draw up design guidelines for adaptive behavior both at the molecular and supramolecular levels, which are fundamental criteria for the realization of intelligent matter.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50029-1

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