Eco-evolutionary strategies for relieving carbon limitation under salt stress differ across microbial clades

Yang Dong, Ruirui Chen (), Emily B. Graham (), Bingqian Yu, Yuanyuan Bao, Xin Li, Xiangwei You and Youzhi Feng
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Yang Dong: Nanjing Forestry University
Ruirui Chen: Nanjing Forestry University
Emily B. Graham: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Bingqian Yu: Nanjing Forestry University
Yuanyuan Bao: Nanjing Forestry University
Xin Li: Nanjing Forestry University
Xiangwei You: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Youzhi Feng: Nanjing Forestry University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract With the continuous expansion of saline soils under climate change, understanding the eco-evolutionary tradeoff between the microbial mitigation of carbon limitation and the maintenance of functional traits in saline soils represents a significant knowledge gap in predicting future soil health and ecological function. Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing of coastal soils along a salinity gradient, we show contrasting eco-evolutionary directions of soil bacteria and archaea that manifest in changes to genome size and the functional potential of the soil microbiome. In salt environments with high carbon requirements, bacteria exhibit reduced genome sizes associated with a depletion of metabolic genes, while archaea display larger genomes and enrichment of salt-resistance, metabolic, and carbon-acquisition genes. This suggests that bacteria conserve energy through genome streamlining when facing salt stress, while archaea invest in carbon-acquisition pathways to broaden their resource usage. These findings suggest divergent directions in eco-evolutionary adaptations to soil saline stress amongst microbial clades and serve as a foundation for understanding the response of soil microbiomes to escalating climate change.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50368-z

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