Divergent evolution of male-determining loci on proto-Y chromosomes of the housefly

Xuan Li (), Sander Visser, Jae Hak Son, Elzemiek Geuverink, Ece Naz Kıvanç, Yanli Wu, Stephan Schmeing, Martin Pippel, Seyed Yahya Anvar, Martijn A. Schenkel, František Marec, Mark D. Robinson, Richard P. Meisel, Ernst A. Wimmer, Louis van de Zande, Daniel Bopp and Leo W. Beukeboom
Additional contact information
Xuan Li: University of Groningen
Sander Visser: University of Groningen
Jae Hak Son: The State University of New Jersey
Elzemiek Geuverink: University of Groningen
Ece Naz Kıvanç: University of Zürich
Yanli Wu: University of Groningen
Stephan Schmeing: University of Zürich
Martin Pippel: Uppsala University
Seyed Yahya Anvar: Leiden University Medical Center
Martijn A. Schenkel: University of Groningen
František Marec: Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Mark D. Robinson: University of Zürich
Richard P. Meisel: University of Houston
Ernst A. Wimmer: University of Göttingen
Louis van de Zande: University of Groningen
Daniel Bopp: University of Zürich
Leo W. Beukeboom: University of Groningen

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Houseflies provide a good experimental model to study the initial evolutionary stages of a primary sex-determining locus because they possess different recently evolved proto-Y chromosomes that contain male-determining loci (M) with the same male-determining gene, Mdmd. We investigate M-loci genomically and cytogenetically revealing distinct molecular architectures among M-loci. M on chromosome V (MV) has two intact Mdmd copies in a palindrome. M on chromosome III (MIII) has tandem duplications containing 88 Mdmd copies (only one intact) and various repeats, including repeats that are XY-prevalent. M on chromosome II (MII) and the Y (MY) share MIII-like architecture, but with fewer repeats. MY additionally shares MV-specific sequence arrangements. Based on these data and karyograms using two probes, one derives from MIII and one Mdmd-specific, we infer evolutionary histories of polymorphic M-loci, which have arisen from unique translocations of Mdmd, embedded in larger DNA fragments, and diverged independently into regions of varying complexity.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50390-1

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