Utilizing cost-effective pyrocarbon for highly efficient gold retrieval from e-waste leachate

Kaixing Fu, Xia Liu, Xiaolin Zhang, Shiqing Zhou, Nanwen Zhu, Yong Pei and Jinming Luo ()
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Kaixing Fu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Xia Liu: Qingdao University
Xiaolin Zhang: Nanjing University
Shiqing Zhou: Hunan University
Nanwen Zhu: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Yong Pei: Xiangtan University
Jinming Luo: Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Addressing burdens of electronic waste (E-waste) leachate while achieving sustainable and selective recovery of noble metals, such as gold, is highly demanded due to its limited supply and escalating prices. Here we demonstrate an environmentally-benign and practical approach for gold recovery from E-waste leachate using alginate-derived pyrocarbon sorbent. The sorbent demonstrates potent gold recovery performance compared to most previously reported advanced sorbents, showcasing high recovery capacity of 2829.7 mg g−1, high efficiency (>99.5%), remarkable selectivity (Kd ~ 3.1 × 108 mL g−1), and robust anti-interference capabilities within environmentally relevant contexts. The aromatic structures of pyrocarbon serve as crucial electrons sources, enabling a hydroxylation process that simultaneously generates electrons and phenolic hydroxyls for the reduction of gold ions. Our investigations further uncover a “stepwise” nucleation mechanism, in which gold ions are reduced as intermediate gold-chlorine clusters, facilitating rapid reduction process by lowering energy barriers from 1.08 to −21.84 eV. Technoeconomic analysis demonstrates its economic viability with an input-output ratio as high as 1370%. Our protocol obviates the necessity for organic reagents whilst obtaining 23.96 karats gold product from real-world central processing units (CPUs) leachates. This work introduces a green sorption technique for gold recovery, emphasizing its role in promoting a circular economy and environmental sustainability.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50595-4

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