Subfunctionalisation and self-repression of duplicated E1 homologues finetunes soybean flowering and adaptation

Chao Fang, Zhihui Sun, Shichen Li, Tong Su, Lingshuang Wang, Lidong Dong, Haiyang Li, Lanxin Li, Lingping Kong, Zhiquan Yang, Xiaoya Lin, Alibek Zatybekov, Baohui Liu (), Fanjiang Kong () and Sijia Lu ()
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Chao Fang: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Zhihui Sun: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Shichen Li: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Tong Su: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Lingshuang Wang: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Lidong Dong: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Haiyang Li: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Lanxin Li: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Lingping Kong: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Zhiquan Yang: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Xiaoya Lin: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Alibek Zatybekov: Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Baohui Liu: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Fanjiang Kong: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center
Sijia Lu: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Soybean is a photoperiod-sensitive staple crop. Its photoperiodic flowering has major consequences for latitudinal adaptation and grain yield. Here, we identify and characterise a flowering locus named Time of flower 4b (Tof4b), which encodes E1-Like b (E1Lb), a homologue of the key soybean floral repressor E1. Tof4b protein physically associates with the promoters of two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes to repress their transcription and delay flowering to impart soybean adaptation to high latitudes. Three E1 homologues undergo subfunctionalisation and show differential subcellular localisation. Moreover, they all possess self-repression capability and each suppresses the two homologous counterparts. Subfunctionalisation and the transcriptional regulation of E1 genes collectively finetune flowering time and high-latitude adaptation in soybean. We propose a model for the functional fate of the three E1 genes after the soybean whole-genome duplication events, refine the molecular mechanisms underlying high-latitude adaption, and provide a potential molecular-breeding resource.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50623-3

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