Long-term risk of autoimmune diseases after mRNA-based SARS-CoV2 vaccination in a Korean, nationwide, population-based cohort study

Seung-Won Jung, Jae Joon Jeon, You Hyun Kim, Sung Jay Choe () and Solam Lee ()
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Seung-Won Jung: Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
Jae Joon Jeon: Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
You Hyun Kim: Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
Sung Jay Choe: Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine
Solam Lee: Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract The long-term association between mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and the development of autoimmune connective tissue diseases (AI-CTDs) remains unclear. In this nationwide, population-based cohort study involving 9,258,803 individuals, we aim to determine whether the incidence of AI-CTDs is associated with mRNA vaccination. The study spans over 1 year of observation and further analyses the risk of AI-CTDs by stratifying demographics and vaccination profiles and treating booster vaccination as time-varying covariate. We report that the risk of developing most AI-CTDs did not increase following mRNA vaccination, except for systemic lupus erythematosus with a 1.16-fold risk in vaccinated individuals relative to controls. Comparable results were reported in the stratified analyses for age, sex, mRNA vaccine type, and prior history of non-mRNA vaccination. However, a booster vaccination was associated with an increased risk of some AI-CTDs including alopecia areata, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Overall, we conclude that mRNA-based vaccinations are not associated with an increased risk of most AI-CTDs, although further research is needed regarding its potential association with certain conditions.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50656-8

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