Fiber-optic seismic sensing of vadose zone soil moisture dynamics

Zhichao Shen (), Yan Yang, Xiaojing Fu, Kyra H. Adams, Ettore Biondi and Zhongwen Zhan
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Zhichao Shen: California Institute of Technology
Yan Yang: California Institute of Technology
Xiaojing Fu: California Institute of Technology
Kyra H. Adams: California Institute of Technology
Ettore Biondi: California Institute of Technology
Zhongwen Zhan: California Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Vadose zone soil moisture is often considered a pivotal intermediary water reservoir between surface and groundwater in semi-arid regions. Understanding its dynamics in response to changes in meteorologic forcing patterns is essential to enhance the climate resiliency of our ecological and agricultural system. However, the inability to observe high-resolution vadose zone soil moisture dynamics over large spatiotemporal scales hinders quantitative characterization. Here, utilizing pre-existing fiber-optic cables as seismic sensors, we demonstrate a fiber-optic seismic sensing principle to robustly capture vadose zone soil moisture dynamics. Our observations in Ridgecrest, California reveal sub-seasonal precipitation replenishments and a prolonged drought in the vadose zone, consistent with a zero-dimensional hydrological model. Our results suggest a significant water loss of 0.25 m/year through evapotranspiration at our field side, validated by nearby eddy-covariance based measurements. Yet, detailed discrepancies between our observations and modeling highlight the necessity for complementary in-situ validations. Given the escalated regional drought risk under climate change, our findings underscore the promise of fiber-optic seismic sensing to facilitate water resource management in semi-arid regions.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50690-6

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