Reconfiguration of organic electrochemical transistors for high-accuracy potentiometric sensing

Luca Salvigni, Prem Depan Nayak, Anil Koklu, Danilo Arcangeli, Johana Uribe, Adel Hama, Raphaela Silva, Tania Cecilia Hidalgo Castillo, Sophie Griggs, Adam Marks, Iain McCulloch and Sahika Inal ()
Additional contact information
Luca Salvigni: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Prem Depan Nayak: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Anil Koklu: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Danilo Arcangeli: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Johana Uribe: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Adel Hama: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Raphaela Silva: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Tania Cecilia Hidalgo Castillo: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division
Sophie Griggs: Department of Chemistry
Adam Marks: Department of Chemistry
Iain McCulloch: Department of Chemistry
Sahika Inal: Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional 2/3 electrode setups for sensing applications, offering in-situ transduction, electrochemical amplification, and noise reduction. Several of these devices are designed to detect potentiometric-derived signals. However, potentiometric sensing should be performed under open circuit potential conditions, allowing the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium. This criterion is not met by conventional organic electrochemical transistors, where voltages or currents are directly applied to the sensing interface, that is, the gate electrode. In this work, we introduce an organic electrochemical transistor sensing configuration called the potentiometric‑OECT (pOECT), which maintains the sensing electrode under open circuit potential conditions. The pOECT exhibits a higher response than the 2-electrode setup and offers greater accuracy, response, and stability compared to conventional organic electrochemical transistors. Additionally, it allows for the implementation of high-impedance electrodes as gate/sensing surfaces, all without compromising the overall device size.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50792-1

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