Distinct regulation of ATM signaling by DNA single-strand breaks and APE1

Haichao Zhao, Jia Li, Zhongsheng You, Howard D. Lindsay and Shan Yan ()
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Haichao Zhao: University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Jia Li: University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Zhongsheng You: Washington University School of Medicine
Howard D. Lindsay: Lancaster University
Shan Yan: University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Abstract In response to DNA double-strand breaks or oxidative stress, ATM-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) is activated to maintain genome integrity. However, it remains elusive whether and how DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) activate ATM. Here, we provide direct evidence in Xenopus egg extracts that ATM-mediated DDR is activated by a defined SSB structure. Our mechanistic studies reveal that APE1 promotes the SSB-induced ATM DDR through APE1 exonuclease activity and ATM recruitment to SSB sites. APE1 protein can form oligomers to activate the ATM DDR in Xenopus egg extracts in the absence of DNA and can directly stimulate ATM kinase activity in vitro. Our findings reveal distinct mechanisms of the ATM-dependent DDR activation by SSBs in eukaryotic systems and identify APE1 as a direct activator of ATM kinase.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50836-6

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