Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine six years post-introduction on pneumococcal carriage in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Claire Mollendorf (), Tuya Mungun, Munkhchuluun Ulziibayar, Paige Skoko, Laura Boelsen, Cattram Nguyen, Purevsuren Batsaikhan, Bujinlkham Suuri, Dashtseren Luvsantseren, Dorj Narangerel, Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon, Sodbayar Demberelsuren, Belinda D. Ortika, Casey L. Pell, Ashleigh Wee-Hee, Monica L. Nation, Jason Hinds, Eileen M. Dunne, E. Kim Mulholland and Catherine Satzke
Additional contact information
Claire Mollendorf: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Tuya Mungun: National Center of Communicable Diseases
Munkhchuluun Ulziibayar: National Center of Communicable Diseases
Paige Skoko: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Laura Boelsen: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Cattram Nguyen: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Purevsuren Batsaikhan: National Center of Communicable Diseases
Bujinlkham Suuri: National Center of Communicable Diseases
Dashtseren Luvsantseren: National Center of Communicable Diseases
Dorj Narangerel: Ministry of Health
Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon: National Center of Communicable Diseases
Sodbayar Demberelsuren: World Health Organization
Belinda D. Ortika: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Casey L. Pell: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Ashleigh Wee-Hee: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Monica L. Nation: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Jason Hinds: University of London
Eileen M. Dunne: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
E. Kim Mulholland: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
Catherine Satzke: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Limited data from Asia are available on long-term effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction on pneumococcal carriage. Here we assess the impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage prevalence, density and antimicrobial resistance. Cross-sectional carriage surveys were conducted pre-PCV13 (2015) and post-PCV13 introduction (2017 and 2022). Pneumococci were detected and quantified by real-time PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. DNA microarray was used for molecular serotyping and to infer genetic lineage (Global Pneumococcal Sequence Cluster). The study included 1461 infants (5–8 weeks old) and 1489 toddlers (12–23 months old) enrolled from family health clinics. We show a reduction in PCV13 serotype carriage (with non-PCV13 serotype replacement) and a reduction in the proportion of samples containing resistance genes in toddlers six years post-PCV13 introduction. We observed an increase in pneumococcal nasopharyngeal density. Serotype 15 A, the most prevalent non-vaccine-serotype in 2022, was comprised predominantly of GPSC904;9. Reductions in PCV13 serotype carriage will likely result in pneumococcal disease reduction. It is important for ongoing surveillance to monitor serotype changes to potentially inform new vaccine development.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50944-3

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