High-temperature capacitive energy storage in polymer nanocomposites through nanoconfinement

Xinhui Li, Bo Liu, Jian Wang, Shuxuan Li, Xin Zhen, Jiapeng Zhi, Junjie Zou, Bei Li, Zhonghui Shen, Xin Zhang (), Shujun Zhang () and Ce-Wen Nan ()
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Xinhui Li: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Bo Liu: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Jian Wang: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Shuxuan Li: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Xin Zhen: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Jiapeng Zhi: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Junjie Zou: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Bei Li: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Zhonghui Shen: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Xin Zhang: Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology
Shujun Zhang: Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong
Ce-Wen Nan: State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Polymeric-based dielectric materials hold great potential as energy storage media in electrostatic capacitors. However, the inferior thermal resistance of polymers leads to severely degraded dielectric energy storage capabilities at elevated temperatures, limiting their applications in harsh environments. Here we present a flexible laminated polymer nanocomposite where the polymer component is confined at the nanoscale, achieving improved thermal-mechanical-electrical stability within the resulting nanocomposite. The nanolaminate, consisting of nanoconfined polyetherimide (PEI) polymer sandwiched between solid Al2O3 layers, exhibits a high energy density of 18.9 J/cm3 with a high energy efficiency of ~ 91% at elevated temperature of 200°C. Our work demonstrates that nanoconfinement of PEI polymer results in reduced diffusion coefficient and constrained thermal dynamics, leading to a remarkable increase of 37°C in glass-transition temperature compared to bulk PEI polymer. The combined effects of nanoconfinement and interfacial trapping within the nanolaminates synergistically contribute to improved electrical breakdown strength and enhanced energy storage performance across temperature range up to 250°C. By utilizing the flexible ultrathin nanolaminate on curved surfaces such as thin metal wires, we introduce an innovative concept that enables the creation of a highly efficient and compact metal-wired capacitor, achieving substantial capacitance despite the minimal device volume.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51052-y

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