Capillary trapping of various nanomaterials on additively manufactured scaffolds for 3D micro-/nanofabrication

Xianglong Lyu, Zhiqiang Zheng, Anitha Shiva, Mertcan Han, Cem Balda Dayan, Mingchao Zhang () and Metin Sitti ()
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Xianglong Lyu: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Zhiqiang Zheng: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Anitha Shiva: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Mertcan Han: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Cem Balda Dayan: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Mingchao Zhang: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
Metin Sitti: Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract High-precision additive manufacturing technologies, such as two-photon polymerization, are mainly limited to photo-curable polymers and currently lacks the possibility to produce multimaterial components. Herein, we report a physically bottom-up assembly strategy that leverages capillary force to trap various nanomaterials and assemble them onto three-dimensional (3D) microscaffolds. This capillary-trapping strategy enables precise and uniform assembly of nanomaterials into versatile 3D microstructures with high uniformity and mass loading. Our approach applies to diverse materials irrespective of their physiochemical properties, including polymers, metals, metal oxides, and others. It can integrate at least four different material types into a single 3D microstructure in a sequential, layer-by-layer manner, opening immense possibilities for tailored functionalities on demand. Furthermore, the 3D microscaffolds are removable, facilitating the creation of pure material-based 3D microstructures. This universal 3D micro-/nanofabrication technique with various nanomaterials enables the creation of advanced miniature devices with potential applications in multifunctional microrobots and smart micromachines.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51086-2

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