Variation in a Poaceae-conserved fatty acid metabolic gene cluster controls rice yield by regulating male fertility

Chenkun Yang, Shuangqian Shen, Chuansong Zhan, Yufei Li, Ran Zhang, Yuanyuan Lv, Zhuang Yang, Junjie Zhou, Yuheng Shi, Xianqing Liu, Jianxin Shi, Dabing Zhang, Alisdair R. Fernie and Jie Luo ()
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Chenkun Yang: Hainan University
Shuangqian Shen: Yazhouwan National Laboratory
Chuansong Zhan: Yazhouwan National Laboratory
Yufei Li: Hainan University
Ran Zhang: Hainan University
Yuanyuan Lv: Yazhouwan National Laboratory
Zhuang Yang: Hainan University
Junjie Zhou: Hainan University
Yuheng Shi: Yazhouwan National Laboratory
Xianqing Liu: Hainan University
Jianxin Shi: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Dabing Zhang: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Alisdair R. Fernie: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
Jie Luo: Hainan University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract A wide variety of metabolic gene clusters exist in eukaryotic genomes, but fatty acid metabolic gene clusters have not been discovered. Here, combining with metabolic and phenotypic genome-wide association studies, we identify a major locus containing a six-gene fatty acid metabolic gene cluster on chromosome 3 (FGC3) that controls the cutin monomer hydroxymonoacylglycerols (HMGs) contents and rice yield, possibly through variation in the transcription of FGC3 members. We show that HMGs are sequentially synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum by OsFAR2, OsKCS11, OsGPAT6, OsCYP704B2 and subsequently transported to the apoplast by OsABCG22 and OsLTPL82. Mutation of FGC3 members reduces HMGs, leading to defective male reproductive development and a significant decrease in yield. OsMADS6 and OsMADS17 directly regulate FGC3 and thus influence male reproduction and yield. FGC3 is conserved in Poaceae and likely formed prior to the divergence of Pharus latifolius. The eukaryotic fatty acid and plant primary metabolic gene cluster we identified show a significant impact on the origin and evolution of Poaceae and has potential for application in hybrid crop breeding.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51145-8

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