Demonstration of microwave single-shot quantum key distribution

Florian Fesquet (), Fabian Kronowetter, Michael Renger, Wun Kwan Yam, Simon Gandorfer, Kunihiro Inomata, Yasunobu Nakamura, Achim Marx, Rudolf Gross and Kirill G. Fedorov ()
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Florian Fesquet: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Fabian Kronowetter: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Michael Renger: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Wun Kwan Yam: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Simon Gandorfer: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Kunihiro Inomata: RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)
Yasunobu Nakamura: RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)
Achim Marx: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Rudolf Gross: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Kirill G. Fedorov: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Security of modern classical data encryption often relies on computationally hard problems, which can be trivialized with the advent of quantum computers. A potential remedy for this is quantum communication which takes advantage of the laws of quantum physics to provide secure exchange of information. Here, quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a powerful tool, allowing for unconditionally secure quantum communication between remote parties. At the same time, microwave quantum communication is set to play an important role in future quantum networks because of its natural frequency compatibility with superconducting quantum processors and modern near-distance communication standards. To this end, we present an experimental realization of a continuous-variable QKD protocol based on propagating displaced squeezed microwave states. We use superconducting parametric devices for generation and single-shot quadrature detection of these states. We demonstrate unconditional security in our experimental microwave QKD setting. The security performance is shown to be improved by adding finite trusted noise on the preparation side. Our results indicate feasibility of secure microwave quantum communication with the currently available technology in both open-air (up to ~ 80 m) and cryogenic (over 1000 m) conditions.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51421-7

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