Long-term cellular immunity of vaccines for Zaire Ebola Virus Diseases

Aurélie Wiedemann, Edouard Lhomme, Mélanie Huchon, Emile Foucat, Marion Bérerd-Camara, Lydia Guillaumat, Marcel Yaradouno, Jacqueline Tambalou, Cécile Rodrigues, Alexandre Ribeiro, Abdoul Habib Béavogui, Christine Lacabaratz, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Laura Richert and Yves Lévy ()
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Aurélie Wiedemann: Université Paris-Est
Edouard Lhomme: Université Paris-Est
Mélanie Huchon: Université Paris-Est
Emile Foucat: Université Paris-Est
Marion Bérerd-Camara: Alliance for International Medical Action
Lydia Guillaumat: Université Paris-Est
Marcel Yaradouno: Alliance for International Medical Action
Jacqueline Tambalou: Alliance for International Medical Action
Cécile Rodrigues: Université Paris-Est
Alexandre Ribeiro: Université Paris-Est
Abdoul Habib Béavogui: Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale (CNFRSR)
Christine Lacabaratz: Université Paris-Est
Rodolphe Thiébaut: Université Paris-Est
Laura Richert: Université Paris-Est
Yves Lévy: Université Paris-Est

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Recent Ebola outbreaks underscore the importance of continuous prevention and disease control efforts. Authorized vaccines include Merck’s Ervebo (rVSV-ZEBOV) and Johnson & Johnson’s two-dose combination (Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo). Here, in a five-year follow-up of the PREVAC randomized trial (NCT02876328), we report the results of the immunology ancillary study of the trial. The primary endpoint is to evaluate long-term memory T-cell responses induced by three vaccine regimens: Ad26–MVA, rVSV, and rVSV–booster. Polyfunctional EBOV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses increase after Ad26 priming and are further boosted by MVA, whereas minimal responses are observed in the rVSV groups, declining after one year. In-vitro expansion for eight days show sustained EBOV-specific T-cell responses for up to 60 months post-prime vaccination with both Ad26-MVA and rVSV, with no decline. Cytokine production analysis identify shared biomarkers between the Ad26-MVA and rVSV groups. In secondary endpoint, we observed an elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines at Day 7 in the rVSV group. Finally, we establish a correlation between EBOV-specific T-cell responses and anti-EBOV IgG responses. Our findings can guide booster vaccination recommendations and help identify populations likely to benefit from revaccination.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51453-z

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