Alternative splicing regulation in plants by SP7-like effectors from symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Ruben Betz, Sven Heidt, David Figueira-Galán, Meike Hartmann, Thorsten Langner and Natalia Requena ()
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Ruben Betz: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus
Sven Heidt: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus
David Figueira-Galán: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus
Meike Hartmann: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus
Thorsten Langner: Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen - Max-Planck-Ring 5
Natalia Requena: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - South Campus

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Abstract Most plants in natural ecosystems associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to survive soil nutrient limitations. To engage in symbiosis, AM fungi secrete effector molecules that, similar to pathogenic effectors, reprogram plant cells. Here we show that the Glomeromycotina-specific SP7 effector family impacts on the alternative splicing program of their hosts. SP7-like effectors localize at nuclear condensates and interact with the plant mRNA processing machinery, most prominently with the splicing factor SR45 and the core splicing proteins U1-70K and U2AF35. Ectopic expression of these effectors in the crop plant potato and in Arabidopsis induced developmental changes that paralleled to the alternative splicing modulation of a specific subset of genes. We propose that SP7-like proteins act as negative regulators of SR45 to modulate the fate of specific mRNAs in arbuscule-containing cells. Unraveling the communication mechanisms between symbiotic fungi and their host plants will help to identify targets to improve plant nutrition.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51512-5

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