Harnessing forward multiple scattering for optical imaging deep inside an opaque medium

Ulysse Najar, Victor Barolle, Paul Balondrade, Mathias Fink, Claude Boccara and Alexandre Aubry ()
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Ulysse Najar: PSL University, CNRS
Victor Barolle: PSL University, CNRS
Paul Balondrade: PSL University, CNRS
Mathias Fink: PSL University, CNRS
Claude Boccara: PSL University, CNRS
Alexandre Aubry: PSL University, CNRS

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract As light travels through a disordered medium such as biological tissues, it undergoes multiple scattering events. This phenomenon is detrimental to in-depth optical microscopy, as it causes a drastic degradation of contrast, resolution and brightness of the resulting image beyond a few scattering mean free paths. However, the information about the inner reflectivity of the sample is not lost; only scrambled. To recover this information, a matrix approach of optical imaging can be fruitful. Here, we report on a de-scanned measurement of a high-dimension reflection matrix R via low coherence interferometry. Then, we show how a set of independent focusing laws can be extracted for each medium voxel through an iterative multi-scale analysis of wave distortions contained in R. It enables an optimal and local compensation of forward multiple scattering paths and provides a three-dimensional confocal image of the sample as the latter one had become digitally transparent. The proof-of-concept experiment is performed on a human opaque cornea and an extension of the penetration depth by a factor five is demonstrated compared to the state-of-the-art.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51619-9

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