Evolutionary trajectory and characteristics of Mpox virus in 2023 based on a large-scale genomic surveillance in Shenzhen, China

Shengjie Zhang, Fuxiang Wang, Yun Peng, Xiaohua Gong, Guohao Fan, Yuanlong Lin, Liuqing Yang, Liang Shen, Shiyu Niu, Jiexiang Liu, Yue Yin, Jing Yuan, Hongzhou Lu (), Yingxia Liu () and Yang Yang ()
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Shengjie Zhang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Fuxiang Wang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yun Peng: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Xiaohua Gong: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Guohao Fan: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yuanlong Lin: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Liuqing Yang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Liang Shen: Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science
Shiyu Niu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Jiexiang Liu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yue Yin: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Jing Yuan: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Hongzhou Lu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yingxia Liu: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology
Yang Yang: Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The global epidemic of Mpox virus (MPXV) continues, and a local outbreak has occurred in Shenzhen city since June 2023. Herein, the evolutionary trajectory and characteristics of MPXV in 2023 were analyzed using 92 MPXV sequences from the Shenzhen outbreak and the available genomes from GISAID and GenBank databases. Phylogenetic tracing of the 92 MPXVs suggests that MPXVs in Shenzhen may have multiple sources of importation, and two main transmission chains have been established. The combination of phylogenetic relationships, epidemiological features, and mutation characteristics supports the emergence of a new lineage C.1.1. Together with the B.1 lineage diverging from the A.1 lineage, C.1.1 lineage diverging from the C.1 lineage may serve as another significant evolutionary events of MPXV. Moreover, increasing apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) related mutations, higher rate of missense mutations, and less mutations in the non-coding regions have been shown during MPXV evolution. Host regulation proteins of MPXV have accumulated considerable amino acid mutations since the B.1 lineage, and a lineage-defining APOBEC3-related mutation that disrupts the N2L gene encoding a viral innate immune modulator has been identified in the C.1.1 lineage. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence for the ongoing evolution of MPXV with specific features.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51737-4

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