The role of TIR domain-containing proteins in bacterial defense against phages

Shuangshuang Wang, Sirong Kuang, Haiguang Song, Erchao Sun, Mengling Li, Yuepeng Liu, Ziwei Xia, Xueqi Zhang, Xialin Wang, Jiumin Han, Venigalla B. Rao, Tingting Zou, Chen Tan and Pan Tao ()
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Shuangshuang Wang: Huazhong Agricultural University
Sirong Kuang: Huazhong Agricultural University
Haiguang Song: Huazhong Agricultural University
Erchao Sun: Huazhong Agricultural University
Mengling Li: Huazhong Agricultural University
Yuepeng Liu: Huazhong Agricultural University
Ziwei Xia: Huazhong Agricultural University
Xueqi Zhang: Huazhong Agricultural University
Xialin Wang: Huazhong Agricultural University
Jiumin Han: Huazhong Agricultural University
Venigalla B. Rao: The Catholic University of America
Tingting Zou: Huazhong Agricultural University
Chen Tan: Huazhong Agricultural University
Pan Tao: Huazhong Agricultural University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing proteins play a critical role in immune responses in diverse organisms, but their function in bacterial systems remains to be fully elucidated. This study, focusing on Escherichia coli, addresses how TIR domain-containing proteins contribute to bacterial immunity against phage attack. Through an exhaustive survey of all E. coli genomes available in the NCBI database and testing of 32 representatives of the 90% of the identified TIR domain-containing proteins, we found that a significant proportion (37.5%) exhibit antiphage activities. These defense systems recognize a variety of phage components, thus providing a sophisticated mechanism for pathogen detection and defense. This study not only highlights the robustness of TIR systems in bacterial immunity, but also draws an intriguing parallel to the diversity seen in mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs), enriching our understanding of innate immune mechanisms across life forms and underscoring the evolutionary significance of these defense strategies in prokaryotes.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51738-3

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