Nanofluidic sensing inspired by the anomalous water dynamics in electrical angstrom-scale channels

Tianshu Chu, Ze Zhou, Pengfei Tian, Tingting Yu, Cheng Lian, Bowei Zhang () and Fu-Zhen Xuan ()
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Tianshu Chu: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology
Ze Zhou: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology
Pengfei Tian: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology
Tingting Yu: East China University of Science and Technology
Cheng Lian: East China University of Science and Technology
Bowei Zhang: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology
Fu-Zhen Xuan: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Manipulation of confined water dynamics by voltage keeps great importance for diverse applications. However, limitations on the membrane functions, voltage-control range, and unclear dynamics need to be addressed. Herein, we report an anomalous electrically controlled gating phenomenon on cation-intercalated multi-layer Ti3C2 membranes and reveal the confined water dynamics. The water permeation rate was improved rapidly following the application and rise of voltage and finally reached a maximum rate at 0.9 V. The permeation rate starts to decrease from 0.9 V. Below 0.9 V, the electric field affects the charge and polarity of water molecules and then leads to ordered and denser rearrangement in the two-dimensional (2D) channel to accelerate the permeation rate. Above 0.9 V, with the assistance of metal cations, the surge in current induced aggregation of water molecules into clusters, thereby limiting the water mobility. Based on these findings, a high-performance humidity sensor was developed by simultaneously optimizing the response and recovery speeds through electric manipulation. This work provides flexible strategies in intelligent membrane design and nanofluidic sensing.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51877-7

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