Cavity Floquet engineering

Lingxiao Zhou, Bin Liu, Yuze Liu, Yang Lu, Qiuyang Li, Xin Xie, Nathanial Lydick, Ruofan Hao, Chenxi Liu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Yu-Hsun Chou, Stephen R. Forrest and Hui Deng ()
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Lingxiao Zhou: University of Michigan
Bin Liu: University of Michigan
Yuze Liu: University of Michigan
Yang Lu: University of Michigan
Qiuyang Li: University of Michigan
Xin Xie: University of Michigan
Nathanial Lydick: University of Michigan
Ruofan Hao: University of Michigan
Chenxi Liu: University of Michigan
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Yu-Hsun Chou: National Cheng Kung University
Stephen R. Forrest: University of Michigan
Hui Deng: University of Michigan

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Floquet engineering is a promising tool to manipulate quantum systems coherently. A well-known example is the optical Stark effect, which has been used for optical trapping of atoms and breaking time-reversal symmetry in solids. However, as a coherent nonlinear optical effect, Floquet engineering typically requires high field intensities obtained in ultrafast pulses, severely limiting its use. Here, we demonstrate using cavity engineering of the vacuum modes to achieve orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the effective Floquet field, enabling Floquet effects at an extremely low fluence of 450 photons/μm2. At higher fluences, the cavity-enhanced Floquet effects lead to 50 meV spin and valley splitting of WSe2 excitons, corresponding to an enormous time-reversal breaking, non-Maxwellian magnetic field of over 200 T. Utilizing such an optically controlled effective magnetic field, we demonstrate an ultrafast, picojoule chirality XOR gate. These results suggest that cavity-enhanced Floquet engineering may enable the creation of steady-state or quasi-equilibrium Floquet bands, strongly non-perturbative modifications of materials beyond the reach of other means, and application of Floquet engineering to a wide range of materials and applications.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52014-0

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