Probing spin hydrodynamics on a superconducting quantum simulator

Yun-Hao Shi, Zheng-Hang Sun, Yong-Yi Wang, Zheng-An Wang, Yu-Ran Zhang, Wei-Guo Ma, Hao-Tian Liu, Kui Zhao, Jia-Cheng Song, Gui-Han Liang, Zheng-Yang Mei, Jia-Chi Zhang, Hao Li, Chi-Tong Chen, Xiaohui Song, Jieci Wang, Guangming Xue, Haifeng Yu, Kaixuan Huang (), Zhongcheng Xiang (), Kai Xu (), Dongning Zheng and Heng Fan ()
Additional contact information
Yun-Hao Shi: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zheng-Hang Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Yong-Yi Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zheng-An Wang: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Yu-Ran Zhang: South China University of Technology
Wei-Guo Ma: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hao-Tian Liu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kui Zhao: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Jia-Cheng Song: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gui-Han Liang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zheng-Yang Mei: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jia-Chi Zhang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hao Li: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Chi-Tong Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaohui Song: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jieci Wang: Hunan Normal University
Guangming Xue: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Haifeng Yu: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Kaixuan Huang: Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
Zhongcheng Xiang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Kai Xu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Dongning Zheng: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Heng Fan: Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Characterizing the nature of hydrodynamical transport properties in quantum dynamics provides valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of exotic non-equilibrium phases of matter. Experimentally simulating infinite-temperature transport on large-scale complex quantum systems is of considerable interest. Here, using a controllable and coherent superconducting quantum simulator, we experimentally realize the analog quantum circuit, which can efficiently prepare the Haar-random states, and probe spin transport at infinite temperature. We observe diffusive spin transport during the unitary evolution of the ladder-type quantum simulator with ergodic dynamics. Moreover, we explore the transport properties of the systems subjected to strong disorder or a tilted potential, revealing signatures of anomalous subdiffusion in accompany with the breakdown of thermalization. Our work demonstrates a scalable method of probing infinite-temperature spin transport on analog quantum simulators, which paves the way to study other intriguing out-of-equilibrium phenomena from the perspective of transport.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52082-2

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