Air pollution below US regulatory standards and cardiovascular diseases using a double negative control approach

Yichen Wang (), Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, Yaguang Wei and Joel D. Schwartz
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Yichen Wang: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi: Stony Brook University
Yaguang Wei: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Joel D. Schwartz: Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Growing evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, few studies have investigated air pollution below current regulatory limits, and causal evidence is limited. We use a double negative control approach to examine the association between long-term exposure to air pollution at low concentration and cardiovascular hospitalizations among US Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years between 2000 and 2016. The expected values of the negative outcome control (preceding-year hospitalizations) regressed on exposure and negative exposure control (subsequent-year exposure) are treated as a surrogate for omitted confounders. With analyses separately restricted to low-pollution areas (PM2.5

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52117-8

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