Impact of provision of abdominal aortic calcification results on fruit and vegetable intake: 12-week randomized phase 2 controlled trial

Simone Radavelli-Bagatini (), Catherine P. Bondonno, Jack Dalla Via, Marc Sim, Abadi K. Gebre, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Emma L. Connolly, Nicola P. Bondonno, John T. Schousboe, Richard J. Woodman, Kun Zhu, Shelby Mullin, Pawel Szulc, Ben Jackson, James Dimmock, Markus P. Schlaich, Kay L. Cox, Douglas P. Kiel, Wai H. Lim, Mandy Stanley, Amanda Devine, Peter L. Thompson, Evan J. Williams, Lisa G. Wood, Moira Sim, Robin M. Daly, Jonathan M. Hodgson and Joshua R. Lewis
Additional contact information
Simone Radavelli-Bagatini: Edith Cowan University
Catherine P. Bondonno: Edith Cowan University
Jack Dalla Via: Edith Cowan University
Marc Sim: Edith Cowan University
Abadi K. Gebre: Edith Cowan University
Lauren C. Blekkenhorst: Edith Cowan University
Emma L. Connolly: Edith Cowan University
Nicola P. Bondonno: Edith Cowan University
John T. Schousboe: Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute
Richard J. Woodman: Flinders University
Kun Zhu: University of Western Australia
Shelby Mullin: Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
Pawel Szulc: Hospices Civils de Lyon
Ben Jackson: Telethon Kids Institute
James Dimmock: James Cook University
Markus P. Schlaich: University of Western Australia
Kay L. Cox: University of Western Australia
Douglas P. Kiel: Hebrew SeniorLife
Wai H. Lim: Edith Cowan University
Mandy Stanley: Edith Cowan University
Amanda Devine: Edith Cowan University
Peter L. Thompson: University of Western Australia
Evan J. Williams: University of Newcastle
Lisa G. Wood: University of Newcastle
Moira Sim: Edith Cowan University
Robin M. Daly: Deakin University
Jonathan M. Hodgson: Edith Cowan University
Joshua R. Lewis: Edith Cowan University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Provision of non-invasive vascular imaging results to individuals has been shown to improve cardiovascular disease risk factor control: its impact on diet remains uncertain. In this two-arm, single-blind, parallel, 12-week randomized controlled trial, 240 participants, 57.5% females aged 60–80 y had abdominal aortic calcification and clinical assessments performed at a hospital clinic. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive (intervention n = 121) or not (control n = 119) their calcification results. Both groups received educational resources on cardiovascular disease risk control and were unblinded to the intervention. Outcome measures were performed at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study were changes in fruit and vegetable intake measures over 12 weeks assessed using plasma carotenoid concentrations (biomarkers of FV intake) and a food frequency questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included 12-week changes in other aspects of the diet, physical activity, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile, glucose concentrations, estimated cardiovascular disease risk score, and medication use. Between-group differences were tested using linear mixed-effects regression. There were no between-group differences in the primary outcomes at 12 weeks: plasma carotenoids (mean difference +0.03 µg/mL [95%CI −0.06, 0.13]) and fruit and vegetable intakes (+18 g/d [−37, 72]). However, the provision of calcification results led to between-group differences in serum total (−0.22 mmol/L [−0.41, −0.04]) and non-HDL (−0.19 mmol/L [−0.35, −0.03]) cholesterol, and estimated cardiovascular disease risk score (−0.24% [−0.47, −0.02]). No between-group differences were seen for other secondary outcomes. In this work, providing vascular imaging results did not improve diet but did improve some cardiovascular disease risk factors (Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001087246).

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52172-1

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