Multifunctional Magnetic Muscles for Soft Robotics

Minho Seong, Kahyun Sun, Somi Kim, Hyukjoo Kwon, Sang-Woo Lee, Sarath Chandra Veerla, Dong Kwan Kang, Jaeil Kim, Stalin Kondaveeti, Salah M. Tawfik, Hyung Wook Park and Hoon Eui Jeong ()
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Minho Seong: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Kahyun Sun: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Somi Kim: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Hyukjoo Kwon: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Sang-Woo Lee: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Sarath Chandra Veerla: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Dong Kwan Kang: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Jaeil Kim: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Stalin Kondaveeti: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Salah M. Tawfik: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Hyung Wook Park: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Hoon Eui Jeong: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Despite recent advancements, artificial muscles have not yet been able to strike the right balance between exceptional mechanical properties and dexterous actuation abilities that are found in biological systems. Here, we present an artificial magnetic muscle that exhibits multiple remarkable mechanical properties and demonstrates comprehensive actuating performance, surpassing those of biological muscles. This artificial muscle utilizes a composite configuration, integrating a phase-change polymer and ferromagnetic particles, enabling active control over mechanical properties and complex actuating motions through remote laser heating and magnetic field manipulation. Consequently, the magnetic composite muscle can dynamically adjust its stiffness as needed, achieving a switching ratio exceeding 2.7 × 10³. This remarkable adaptability facilitates substantial load-bearing capacity, with specific load capacities of up to 1000 and 3690 for tensile and compressive stresses, respectively. Moreover, it demonstrates reversible extension, contraction, bending, and twisting, with stretchability exceeding 800%. We leverage these distinctive attributes to showcase the versatility of this composite muscle as a soft continuum robotic manipulator. It adeptly executes various programmable responses and performs complex tasks while minimizing mechanical vibrations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this composite muscle excels across multiple mechanical and actuation aspects compared to existing actuators.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52347-w

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