Electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators

Sebastián Castilla (), Hitesh Agarwal, Ioannis Vangelidis, Yuliy V. Bludov, David Alcaraz Iranzo, Adrià Grabulosa, Matteo Ceccanti, Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy, Roshan Krishna Kumar, Eli Janzen, James H. Edgar, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Nuno M. R. Peres, Elefterios Lidorikis and Frank H. L. Koppens ()
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Sebastián Castilla: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Hitesh Agarwal: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Ioannis Vangelidis: University of Ioannina
Yuliy V. Bludov: Universidade do Minho
David Alcaraz Iranzo: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Adrià Grabulosa: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Matteo Ceccanti: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Mikhail I. Vasilevskiy: Universidade do Minho
Roshan Krishna Kumar: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
Eli Janzen: Kansas State University
James H. Edgar: Kansas State University
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Nuno M. R. Peres: Universidade do Minho
Elefterios Lidorikis: University of Ioannina
Frank H. L. Koppens: The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract One of the most captivating properties of polaritons is their capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. This confinement is even more extreme in two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D polaritons have been investigated by optical measurements using an external photodetector. However, their effective spectrally resolved electrical detection via far-field excitation remains unexplored. This hinders their exploitation in crucial applications such as sensing, hyperspectral imaging, and optical spectrometry, banking on their potential for integration with silicon technologies. Herein, we present the electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators based on a high-quality 2D-material heterostructure, which serves at the same time as the photodetector and the polaritonic platform. Subsequently, we electrically detect these mid-infrared resonators by near-field coupling to a graphene pn-junction. The nanoresonators simultaneously exhibit extreme lateral confinement and high-quality factors. This work opens a venue for investigating this tunable and complex hybrid system and its use in compact sensing and imaging platforms.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52838-w

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