Natural variation in the promoter of qRBG1/OsBZR5 underlies enhanced rice yield

Qiuli Zhang, Renhong Wu, Tao Hong, Dachuan Wang, Qiaolong Li, Jiayi Wu, Han Zhang, Kai Zhou, Hongxia Yang, Ting Zhang, JinXiang Liu, Nan Wang, Yinghua Ling, Zhenglin Yang, Guanghua He () and Fangming Zhao ()
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Qiuli Zhang: Southwest University
Renhong Wu: Southwest University
Tao Hong: Southwest University
Dachuan Wang: Southwest University
Qiaolong Li: Southwest University
Jiayi Wu: Southwest University
Han Zhang: Southwest University
Kai Zhou: Southwest University
Hongxia Yang: Southwest University
Ting Zhang: Southwest University
JinXiang Liu: Southwest University
Nan Wang: Southwest University
Yinghua Ling: Southwest University
Zhenglin Yang: Southwest University
Guanghua He: Southwest University
Fangming Zhao: Southwest University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-19

Abstract: Abstract Seed size, a key determinant of rice yield, is regulated by brassinosteroid (BR); however, the BR pathway in rice has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the quantitative trait locus Rice Big Grain 1 (qRBG1) from single-segment substitution line Z499. Our data show that qRBG1Z is an unselected rare promoter variation that reduces qRBG1 expression to increase cell number and size, resulting in larger grains, whereas qRBG1 overexpression causes smaller grains in recipient Nipponbare. We demonstrate that qRBG1 encodes a non-canonical BES1 (Bri1-EMS-Suppressor1)/BZR1(Brassinazole-Resistant1) family member, OsBZR5, that regulates grain size upon phosphorylation by OsGSK2 (GSK3-like Kinase2) and binding to D2 (DWARF2) and OFP1 (Ovate-Family-Protein1) promoters. qRBG1 interacts with OsBZR1 to synergistically repress D2, and to antagonistically mediate OFP1 for grain size. Our results reveal a regulatory network controlling grain size via OsGSK2–qRBG1–OsBZR1–D2–OFP1 module, providing a target for improving rice yield.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52928-9

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