Untangling lineage introductions, persistence and transmission drivers of HP-PRRSV sublineage 8.7

Yankuo Sun, Jiabao Xing, Samuel L. Hong, Nena Bollen, Sijia Xu, Yue Li, Jianhao Zhong, Xiaopeng Gao, Dihua Zhu, Jing Liu, Lang Gong, Lei Zhou, Tongqing An, Mang Shi, Heng Wang (), Guy Baele () and Guihong Zhang ()
Additional contact information
Yankuo Sun: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Jiabao Xing: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Samuel L. Hong: KU Leuven
Nena Bollen: KU Leuven
Sijia Xu: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Yue Li: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Jianhao Zhong: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Xiaopeng Gao: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Dihua Zhu: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Jing Liu: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Lang Gong: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Lei Zhou: College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University
Tongqing An: Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Mang Shi: Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University
Heng Wang: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University
Guy Baele: KU Leuven
Guihong Zhang: College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Despite a rapid expansion of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) sublineage 8.7 over recent years, very little is known about the patterns of virus evolution, dispersal, and the factors influencing this dispersal. Relying on a national PRRSV surveillance project established over 20 years ago, we expand the available genomic data of sublineage 8.7 from China. We perform independent interlineage and intralineage recombination analyses for the entire study period, which showed a heterogeneous recombination pattern. A series of Bayesian phylogeographic analyses uncover the role of Guangdong as an important infection hub within Asia. The spatial spread of PRRSV is highly linked with a composite of human activities and the heterogeneous provincial distribution of the swine industry, largely propelled by the smaller-scale Chinese rural farming systems in the past years. We sequence all four available modified live vaccines (MLVs) and perform genomic analyses with publicly available data, of which our results suggest a key “leaky” period spanning 2011–2017 with two concurrent amino acid mutations in ORF1a 957 and ORF2 250. Overall, our study provides an in-depth overview of the evolution, transmission dynamics, and potential leaky status of HP-PRRS MLVs, providing critical insights into new MLV development.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53076-w

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