Creating and controlling global Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement on quantum processors

Zehang Bao, Shibo Xu, Zixuan Song, Ke Wang, Liang Xiang, Zitian Zhu, Jiachen Chen, Feitong Jin, Xuhao Zhu, Yu Gao, Yaozu Wu, Chuanyu Zhang, Ning Wang, Yiren Zou, Ziqi Tan, Aosai Zhang, Zhengyi Cui, Fanhao Shen, Jiarun Zhong, Tingting Li, Jinfeng Deng, Xu Zhang, Hang Dong, Pengfei Zhang, Yang-Ren Liu, Liangtian Zhao, Jie Hao, Hekang Li, Zhen Wang, Chao Song, Qiujiang Guo (), Biao Huang () and H. Wang ()
Additional contact information
Zehang Bao: Zhejiang University
Shibo Xu: Zhejiang University
Zixuan Song: Zhejiang University
Ke Wang: Zhejiang University
Liang Xiang: Zhejiang University
Zitian Zhu: Zhejiang University
Jiachen Chen: Zhejiang University
Feitong Jin: Zhejiang University
Xuhao Zhu: Zhejiang University
Yu Gao: Zhejiang University
Yaozu Wu: Zhejiang University
Chuanyu Zhang: Zhejiang University
Ning Wang: Zhejiang University
Yiren Zou: Zhejiang University
Ziqi Tan: Zhejiang University
Aosai Zhang: Zhejiang University
Zhengyi Cui: Zhejiang University
Fanhao Shen: Zhejiang University
Jiarun Zhong: Zhejiang University
Tingting Li: Zhejiang University
Jinfeng Deng: Zhejiang University
Xu Zhang: Zhejiang University
Hang Dong: Zhejiang University
Pengfei Zhang: Zhejiang University
Yang-Ren Liu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Liangtian Zhao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jie Hao: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hekang Li: Zhejiang University
Zhen Wang: Zhejiang University
Chao Song: Zhejiang University
Qiujiang Guo: Zhejiang University
Biao Huang: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
H. Wang: Zhejiang University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states, also known as two-component Schrödinger cats, play vital roles in the foundation of quantum physics and the potential quantum applications. Enlargement in size and coherent control of GHZ states are both crucial for harnessing entanglement in advanced computational tasks with practical advantages, which unfortunately pose tremendous challenges as GHZ states are vulnerable to noise. Here we propose a general strategy for creating, preserving, and manipulating large-scale GHZ entanglement, and demonstrate a series of experiments underlined by high-fidelity digital quantum circuits. For initialization, we employ a scalable protocol to create genuinely entangled GHZ states with up to 60 qubits, almost doubling the previous size record. For protection, we take a different perspective on discrete time crystals (DTCs), originally for exploring exotic nonequilibrium quantum matters, and embed a GHZ state into the eigenstates of a tailor-made cat scar DTC to extend its lifetime. For manipulation, we switch the DTC eigenstates with in-situ quantum gates to modify the effectiveness of the GHZ protection. Our findings establish a viable path towards coherent operations on large-scale entanglement, and further highlight superconducting processors as a promising platform to explore nonequilibrium quantum matters and emerging applications.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53140-5

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