Galactooligosaccharides and Limosilactobacillus reuteri synergistically alleviate gut inflammation and barrier dysfunction by enriching Bacteroides acidifaciens for pentadecanoic acid biosynthesis

Yujun Wu, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaoyi Liu, Zhenguo Zhao, Shiyu Tao, Qian Xu, Jinbiao Zhao, Zhaolai Dai, Guolong Zhang, Dandan Han and Junjun Wang ()
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Yujun Wu: China Agricultural University
Xiangyu Zhang: China Agricultural University
Xiaoyi Liu: China Agricultural University
Zhenguo Zhao: Jiangyin People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University
Shiyu Tao: Huazhong Agricultural University
Qian Xu: China Agricultural University
Jinbiao Zhao: China Agricultural University
Zhaolai Dai: China Agricultural University
Guolong Zhang: Oklahoma State University
Dandan Han: China Agricultural University
Junjun Wang: China Agricultural University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease characterized by intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis, with limited treatment options available. This study systematically investigates the therapeutic potential of a synbiotic composed of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and Limosilactobacillus reuteri in a murine model of colitis, revealing that GOS and L. reuteri synergistically protect against intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by promoting the synthesis of pentadecanoic acid, an odd-chain fatty acid, from Bacteroides acidifaciens. Notably, the synbiotic, B. acidifaciens, and pentadecanoic acid are each capable of suppressing intestinal inflammation and enhancing tight junction by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Furthermore, similar reduction in B. acidifaciens and pentadecanoic acid levels are also observed in the feces from both human UC patients and lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in pigs. Our findings elucidate the protective mechanism of the synbiotic and highlight its therapeutic potential, along with B. acidifaciens and pentadecanoic acid, for UC and other intestinal inflammatory disorders.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53144-1

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