Artificial superconducting Kondo lattice in a van der Waals heterostructure

Kai Fan, Heng Jin, Bing Huang, Guijing Duan, Rong Yu, Zhen-Yu Liu, Hui-Nan Xia, Li-Si Liu, Yao Zhang, Tao Xie, Qiao-Yin Tang, Gang Chen, Wen-Hao Zhang, F. C. Chen, X. Luo, W. J. Lu, Y. P. Sun and Ying-Shuang Fu ()
Additional contact information
Kai Fan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Heng Jin: Beijing Normal University
Bing Huang: Beijing Normal University
Guijing Duan: Renmin University of China
Rong Yu: Renmin University of China
Zhen-Yu Liu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Hui-Nan Xia: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Li-Si Liu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Yao Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Tao Xie: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Qiao-Yin Tang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Gang Chen: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Wen-Hao Zhang: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
F. C. Chen: Chinese Academy of Sciences
X. Luo: Chinese Academy of Sciences
W. J. Lu: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Y. P. Sun: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ying-Shuang Fu: Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Engineering Kondo lattice with tailored functionality is desirable for elucidating the heavy fermion physics. We realize the construction of an artificial Kondo lattice/superconductor heterojunction by growing monolayer VSe2 on bulk 2H-NbSe2 with molecular beam epitaxy. Spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy measurements show the emergence of a new charge density wave (CDW) phase with $$\sqrt{3}\times$$ 3 × $$\sqrt{3}$$ 3 periodicity on the monolayer VSe2. Unexpectedly, a pronounced Kondo resonance appears around the Fermi level, and distributes uniformly over the entire film, evidencing the formation of Kondo lattice. Density functional theory calculations suggest the existence of magnetic interstitial V atoms in VSe2/NbSe2, which play a key role in forming the CDW phase along with the Kondo lattice observed in VSe2. The Kondo origin is verified from both the magnetic field and temperature dependences of the resonance peak, yielding a Kondo temperature of ~ 44 K. Moreover, a superconducting proximity gap opens on monolayer VSe2, whose shape deviates from the function of one-band BCS superconductor, but is reproduced by model calculations with heavy electrons participating the pairing condensate. Our work lays the experimental foundation for studying interactions between the heavy fermion liquids and the superconducting condensate.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53166-9

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