IL-1β-induced epithelial cell and fibroblast transdifferentiation promotes neutrophil recruitment in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Xinyu Xie, Pin Wang, Min Jin, Yue Wang, Lijie Qi, Changhua Wu, Shu Guo, Changqing Li, Xiaojun Zhang, Ye Yuan, Xinyi Ma, Fangying Liu, Weiyuan Liu, Heng Liu, Chen Duan, Ping Ye, Xuezhong Li, Larry Borish, Wei Zhao and Xin Feng ()
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Xinyu Xie: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Pin Wang: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Min Jin: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Yue Wang: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Lijie Qi: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Changhua Wu: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Shu Guo: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Changqing Li: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Xiaojun Zhang: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Ye Yuan: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Xinyi Ma: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Fangying Liu: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Weiyuan Liu: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Heng Liu: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Chen Duan: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Ping Ye: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Xuezhong Li: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Larry Borish: University of Virginia Health System
Wei Zhao: Shandong University
Xin Feng: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Abstract Neutrophilic inflammation contributes to multiple chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile human nasal mucosa obtained from the inferior turbinates, middle turbinates, and nasal polyps of CRSwNP patients, we identify two IL-1 signaling-induced cell subsets—LY6D+ club cells and IDO1+ fibroblasts—that promote neutrophil recruitment by respectively releasing S100A8/A9 and CXCL1/2/3/5/6/8 into inflammatory regions. IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in IL-1 signaling, induces the transdifferentiation of LY6D+ club cells and IDO1+ fibroblasts from primary epithelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively. In an LPS-induced neutrophilic CRSwNP mouse model, blocking IL-1β activity with a receptor antagonist significantly reduces the numbers of LY6D+ club cells and IDO1+ fibroblasts and mitigates nasal inflammation. This study implicates the function of two cell subsets in neutrophil recruitment and demonstrates an IL-1-based intervention for mitigating neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53307-0

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