Seasonal dynamics and diversity of Antarctic marine viruses reveal a novel viral seascape

Gonçalo J. Piedade (), Max E. Schön, Cédric Lood, Mikhail V. Fofanov, Ella M. Wesdorp, Tristan E. G. Biggs, Lingyi Wu, Henk Bolhuis, Matthias G. Fischer, Natalya Yutin, Bas E. Dutilh and Corina P. D. Brussaard ()
Additional contact information
Gonçalo J. Piedade: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Max E. Schön: Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms
Cédric Lood: Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
Mikhail V. Fofanov: Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
Ella M. Wesdorp: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Tristan E. G. Biggs: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Lingyi Wu: Utrecht University
Henk Bolhuis: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Matthias G. Fischer: Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms
Natalya Yutin: National Institutes of Health
Bas E. Dutilh: Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
Corina P. D. Brussaard: NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract The Southern Ocean microbial ecosystem, with its pronounced seasonal shifts, is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Since viruses are key modulators of microbial abundance, diversity, and evolution, we need a better understanding of the effects of seasonality on the viruses in this region. Our comprehensive exploration of DNA viral diversity in the Southern Ocean reveals a unique and largely uncharted viral landscape, of which 75% was previously unidentified in other oceanic areas. We uncover novel viral taxa at high taxonomic ranks, expanding our understanding of crassphage, polinton-like virus, and virophage diversity. Nucleocytoviricota viruses represent an abundant and diverse group of Antarctic viruses, highlighting their potential as important regulators of phytoplankton population dynamics. Our temporal analysis reveals complex seasonal patterns in marine viral communities (bacteriophages, eukaryotic viruses) which underscores the apparent interactions with their microbial hosts, whilst deepening our understanding of their roles in the world’s most sensitive and rapidly changing ecosystem.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53317-y

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