A general flame aerosol route to kinetically stabilized metal-organic frameworks

Shuo Liu, Chaochao Dun (), Feipeng Yang, Kang-Lan Tung, Dominik Wierzbicki, Sanjit Ghose, Kaiwen Chen, Linfeng Chen, Richard Ciora, Mohd A. Khan, Zhengxi Xuan, Miao Yu, Jeffrey J. Urban () and Mark T. Swihart ()
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Shuo Liu: The State University of New York
Chaochao Dun: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Feipeng Yang: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Kang-Lan Tung: The State University of New York
Dominik Wierzbicki: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Sanjit Ghose: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Kaiwen Chen: The State University of New York
Linfeng Chen: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Richard Ciora: The State University of New York
Mohd A. Khan: The State University of New York
Zhengxi Xuan: The State University of New York
Miao Yu: The State University of New York
Jeffrey J. Urban: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Mark T. Swihart: The State University of New York

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly attractive porous materials with applications spanning the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. Their exceptional porosity and structural flexibility have led to widespread use in catalysis, separation, biomedicine, and electrochemistry. Currently, most MOFs are synthesized under equilibrium liquid-phase reaction conditions. Here we show a general and versatile non-equilibrium flame aerosol synthesis of MOFs, in which rapid kinetics of MOF formation yields two distinct classes of MOFs, nano-crystalline MOFs and amorphous MOFs. A key advantage of this far-from-equilibrium synthesis is integration of different metal cations within a single MOF phase, even when this is thermodynamically unfavorable. This can, for example, produce single-atom catalysts and bimetallic MOFs of arbitrary metal pairs. Moreover, we demonstrate that dopant metals (e.g., Pt, Pd) can be exsolved from the MOF framework by reduction, forming nanoclusters anchored on the MOF. A prototypical example of such a material exhibited outstanding performance as a CO oxidation catalyst. This general synthesis route opens new opportunities in MOF design and applications across diverse fields and is inherently scalable for continuous production at industrial scales.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53678-4

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