Effectiveness of BNT162b2 XBB vaccine in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System

Aisling R. Caffrey (), Haley J. Appaneal, Vrishali V. Lopes, Laura Puzniak, Evan J. Zasowski, Luis Jodar, Kerry L. LaPlante and John M. McLaughlin
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Aisling R. Caffrey: Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Haley J. Appaneal: Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Vrishali V. Lopes: Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Laura Puzniak: Pfizer Inc. New York
Evan J. Zasowski: Pfizer Inc. New York
Luis Jodar: Pfizer Inc. New York
Kerry L. LaPlante: Providence Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
John M. McLaughlin: Pfizer Inc. New York

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Data evaluating effectiveness of XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines against JN.1-related endpoints are scarce. This nationwide test-negative case-control study within the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System aims to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 XBB.1.5-adapted vaccine compared to not receiving an XBB vaccine of any kind against COVID-19 hospitalization, emergency department or urgent care visits (ED/UC), and outpatient visits. Between September 25, 2023 and January 31, 2024, effectiveness was 24–35% during a period of JN.1 predominance and 50–61% during XBB predominance across all outcomes. VE within 60 days of vaccination during the likely JN.1 period was 32% (95% confidence interval 3–52%) against hospitalization, 41% (23–54%) against ED/UC visits, and 31% (1–52%) against outpatient visits. Corresponding VE during the likely XBB period was 62% (44–74%), 52% (37–63%), and 50% (25–66%) by setting, respectively. Here, we show the importance of strain match to maximize the public health impact of COVID-19 vaccination.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53842-w

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