Uncontrolled Illegal Mining and Garimpo in the Brazilian Amazon

Luiz Cortinhas Ferreira Neto (), Cesar Guerreiro Diniz (), Raian Vargas Maretto, Claudio Persello, Maria Luize Silva Pinheiro, Marcia C. Castro, Luis Waldyr Rodrigues Sadeck, Alexandre Fernandes Filho, Julia Cansado, Arlesson Antonio de Almeida Souza, Jeremias Pinto Feitosa, Diogo Corrêa Santos, Marcos Adami, Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho, Alfred Stein, Andre Biehl and Aldebaro Klautau
Additional contact information
Luiz Cortinhas Ferreira Neto: Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation
Cesar Guerreiro Diniz: Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation
Raian Vargas Maretto: University of Twente
Claudio Persello: University of Twente
Maria Luize Silva Pinheiro: Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation
Marcia C. Castro: Harvard
Luis Waldyr Rodrigues Sadeck: Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation
Alexandre Fernandes Filho: INPE
Julia Cansado: Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation
Arlesson Antonio de Almeida Souza: Solved - Solutions in Geoinformation
Jeremias Pinto Feitosa: Amazon Regional Center
Diogo Corrêa Santos: PPGG
Marcos Adami: INPE
Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho: PPGG
Alfred Stein: University of Twente
Andre Biehl: Department of Computer Science
Aldebaro Klautau: PPGEE

Nature Communications, 2024, vol. 15, issue 1, 1-15

Abstract: Abstract Mining has played an important role in the economies of South American countries. Although industrial mining prevails in most countries, the expansion of garimpo activity has increased substantially. Recently, Brazil exhibited two moments of garimpo dominance over industrial mining: 1989–1997 and 2019–2022. While industrial mining sites occupied ~ 360 km2 in 1985 but increased to 1800 km2 in 2022, a 5-fold increase, garimpo mining area increased by ~ 1200%, from ~ 218 km2 in 1985 to ~ 2627 km2 in 2022. More than 91% of this activity is concentrated in the Amazon. Where almost 40% of the sites are five years old or younger, this proportion increases to 62% within Indigenous lands (ILs). Regarding the legal aspect, at least 77% of the 2022 extraction sites showed explicit signs of illegality. Particular attention must be given to the Kayapo, Munduruku, and Yanomami ILs. Together, they concentrate over 90% of the garimpo across ILs.

Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-54220-2 Abstract (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-54220-2

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
https://www.nature.com/ncomms/

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-54220-2

Access Statistics for this article

Nature Communications is currently edited by Nathalie Le Bot, Enda Bergin and Fiona Gillespie

More articles in Nature Communications from Nature
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().